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Accounting and Bookkeeping

Invoicing, E-Invoice and Receivables Management

Issuing invoices on time and in full, e-invoice (e-Fatura) and e-archive invoice (e-Arşiv) obligations, monitoring trade receivables, doubtful and worthless receivables, and valuation of foreign currency receivables in Türkiye.

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Overview

First-class and second-class traders must issue an invoice for the goods they sell or the work they perform, and must request and obtain an invoice for the goods and services they purchase. (Tax Procedure Law No. 213, Art. 232)

An invoice is issued within a maximum of seven days from the date of delivery of the goods or performance of the service; an invoice not issued within this period is deemed not to have been issued at all. (Tax Procedure Law No. 213, Art. 231/5) Taxpayers that exceed certain revenue thresholds or operate in certain sectors switch to e-invoice (e-Fatura) and e-archive invoice (e-Arşiv). Invoices of taxpayers not covered by these systems are also issued as e-archive invoices, depending on the taxpayer group and the date. (VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509, IV.1.4, IV.2.4.1–IV.2.4.3)

Receivables management follows on from invoicing: monitoring receivables as they fall due, reconciling with customers, assessing uncollectible receivables as doubtful or worthless, and valuing foreign currency receivables at year-end. KEYBIZ CPAs & Advisors prepares invoicing processes, receivables ageing reports and year-end valuation entries. For verifying customer balances, see our Account Reconciliations page.

E-Invoice Obligation: Taxpayer Group and Transition Date

Taxpayer GroupCondition for the ObligationTransition Date
General Revenue ThresholdThose with gross sales revenue (or sales and gross business revenue) of TRY 3 million or more in 2022 and subsequent accounting periods (VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509, IV.1.4/a-1)The beginning of the seventh month of the year following the relevant accounting period: 1/7/2026 for 2025 revenue, 1/7/2027 for 2026 revenue (IV.1.5/a)
Online SalesThose selling goods or services on their own website or that of an intermediary service provider or in other electronic environments with gross sales revenue of TRY 500 thousand or more in 2022 and subsequent accounting periods; intermediary service providers, listing sites and internet advertising service intermediaries are in scope regardless of revenue (IV.1.4/a-4)For those meeting the revenue condition, the beginning of the seventh month following the relevant accounting period (IV.1.5/c)
Real Estate and Motor VehiclesThose carrying out construction, manufacture, purchase, sale or leasing of real estate or motor vehicles, and those acting as intermediaries in these transactions, with gross sales revenue of TRY 500 thousand or more in 2022 and subsequent accounting periods (IV.1.4/a-7)The beginning of the seventh month following the relevant accounting period (IV.1.5/e)
In Scope Regardless of RevenueHolders of an Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EPDK) licence under special consumption tax (ÖTV) list (I), those manufacturing, constructing or importing goods on ÖTV list (III), vegetable and fruit commission agents and traders, healthcare providers and suppliers under contract with the Social Security Institution (SGK), certified hotel businesses, and charging network and charging station operators (IV.1.4/a-2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9)The period set separately in the communiqué for each group (IV.1.5)

VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509, IV.1.4 and IV.1.5 (as amended by Communiqués Serial No. 526, 535 and 550). E-invoices are issued between users registered in the system. An invoice is issued within a maximum of seven days from the date of delivery or service (VUK Art. 231/5).

Indirect Taxes

E-Archive Invoice Obligation: Taxpayer Group and Date

Taxpayer GroupPeriodInvoices to Be Issued as E-Archive Invoices
Those Covered by the E-Invoice SystemWithin the period for transition to the e-invoice systemAll invoices issued to taxpayers not registered in the e-invoice system and to non-taxpayers (VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509, IV.2.4.1)
Online Sellers Meeting the Revenue ConditionGross sales revenue of TRY 500 thousand in 2022 and subsequent accounting periods; from the beginning of the seventh month following the relevant accounting periodAll invoices issued to buyers not registered in the e-invoice system (IV.2.4.2)
Taxpayers Not Covered by the E-Archive Invoice System (Excluding Simplified Method and Single-Entry Basis)1/1/2025–31/12/2025Invoices with a total amount, including taxes, exceeding TRY 3,000 (IV.2.4.3)
Taxpayers Not Covered by the E-Archive Invoice System (Excluding Simplified Method and Single-Entry Basis)From 1/1/2026All invoices regardless of amount (IV.2.4.3)
Those Whose Commercial Income Is Determined by the Simplified Method and Those Keeping Books on the Single-Entry Basis1/1/2025–31/12/2026Invoices with a total amount, including taxes, exceeding TRY 3,000 (IV.2.4.3; VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 589)
Those Whose Commercial Income Is Determined by the Simplified Method and Those Keeping Books on the Single-Entry BasisFrom 1/1/2027All invoices regardless of amount (IV.2.4.3; VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 589)

VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509, IV.2.4.1–IV.2.4.3 (Communiqué Serial No. 573, Official Gazette 12.11.2024; Communiqué Serial No. 589, Official Gazette 31.12.2025). TRY 3,000 is a per-invoice limit including taxes; it is unrelated to the revenue thresholds for transition to the e-invoice system. If these invoices are issued or received on paper, the penalty under VUK Art. 353 applies for each document to the issuer and to the taxpayer buyer other than the final consumer.

Indirect Taxes

Invoicing and Receivables Management Process

  1. Issuing the Invoice

    An invoice contains at least the following information (VUK Art. 230):

    • Date of issue, series and serial number
    • Name or trade name, business address, tax office and tax number of the issuer
    • Name or trade name and address of the customer and, if any, its tax office and tax number
    • Type, quantity, price and amount of the goods or work
    • Delivery date and dispatch note (irsaliye) number of the goods sold

  2. Checking the Deadline and Document Type

    The invoice is issued within seven days from the date of delivery or service. (VUK Art. 231/5) Whether the buyer is registered in the e-invoice system is checked, so that the document is issued as an e-invoice or an e-archive invoice. Communiqué Serial No. 509 contains separate rules for invoices relating to the export of goods.

  3. Recording the Receivable and Tracking Due Dates

    Issued invoices are recorded in customer accounts. Receivables are grouped by due date to prepare an ageing report; overdue receivables are monitored separately.

  4. Reconciliation and Collection

    Periodic balance reconciliations are carried out with customers. A person who receives an invoice and does not object to its content within eight days of receipt is deemed to have accepted that content. (Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, Art. 21/2) Collections are matched with the related invoices.

  5. Year-End Valuation

    • Foreign currency receivables: Foreign currencies are valued at the stock exchange rate; this provision also applies to receivables in foreign currency, whether or not evidenced by notes. If there is no stock exchange rate, the rate to be used is set by the Ministry. (VUK Art. 280)
    • Doubtful receivables: A provision may be set aside for receivables that meet the conditions. (VUK Art. 323)
    • Worthless receivables: Receivables that can no longer be collected are written off at their book value. (VUK Art. 322)

    For the distinction between monetary and non-monetary items in periods with inflation adjustment, see our Inflation Accounting page.

Doubtful and Worthless Receivables

Doubtful Receivable (VUK Art. 323)Worthless Receivable (VUK Art. 322)
DefinitionA receivable related to earning and maintaining commercial and agricultural income whose collection has become doubtfulA receivable that, based on a court judgment or a convincing document, can no longer be collected
ConditionBeing at the litigation or enforcement stage, or being unpaid despite having been protested or requested in writing more than once and not exceeding the amount stated in the law (TRY 25,000)A court decision or a convincing document showing that collection is no longer possible
Accounting EffectA provision may be set aside based on the realisable value on the valuation date; for secured receivables, the provision is limited to the part not covered by the securityThe receivable is written off at its book value and expensed
Later CollectionAny amount later collected on a receivable for which a provision was set aside is transferred to the profit and loss account in the period of collection—

Frequently Asked Questions

Within What Period Must an Invoice Be Issued?

Within a maximum of seven days from the date of delivery of the goods or performance of the service. An invoice not issued within this period is deemed not to have been issued at all. (VUK Art. 231/5)

What Information Is Mandatory on an Invoice?

Date of issue, series and serial number; name or trade name, address, tax office and tax number of the issuer and the customer; type, quantity, price and amount of the goods or work; delivery date and dispatch note number of the goods sold. (VUK Art. 230)

When Does Using E-Invoice Become Mandatory?

Taxpayers with gross sales revenue of TRY 3 million or more in 2022 and subsequent accounting periods switch to the e-invoice system by the beginning of the seventh month following the relevant accounting period. For online sellers and those buying, selling or leasing real estate or motor vehicles, the threshold is TRY 500 thousand. (VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509)

Can Companies That Are Not E-Invoice Users Issue Paper Invoices?

As a rule, no. From 1/1/2026, invoices of taxpayers not covered by the e-archive invoice system are issued as e-archive invoices regardless of amount; in 2025 this obligation applied to invoices exceeding TRY 3,000 including taxes. Trading companies are in this group because they keep books on the balance-sheet basis. For those whose commercial income is determined by the simplified method and those keeping books on the single-entry basis, the TRY 3,000 limit continues until 31/12/2026; from 1/1/2027, all invoices of these taxpayers are also issued as e-archive invoices. Except in the mandatory cases listed in the communiqué, issuing a paper invoice is subject to a penalty under VUK Art. 353. (VUK General Communiqué Serial No. 509, IV.2.4.3; VUK General Communiqués Serial No. 573 and 589)

For Which Receivables Can a Provision for Doubtful Receivables Be Set Aside?

Receivables related to commercial income that are at the litigation or enforcement stage, and receivables not exceeding TRY 25,000 that remain unpaid despite having been protested or requested in writing more than once, are treated as doubtful receivables. For secured receivables, the provision is limited to the part not covered by the security. (VUK Art. 323)

How Are Foreign Currency Receivables Valued?

Receivables in foreign currency are valued at the stock exchange rate. If there is no stock exchange rate, the rate to be used is set by the Ministry. (VUK Art. 280)

What Happens If the Customer Does Not Object to the Invoice?

A person who receives an invoice and does not object to its content within eight days of receipt is deemed to have accepted that content. (TTK Art. 21/2) For transactions on the supplier side, see our Payables and Payment Management page.

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